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Shadrack Ireland
Shadrack Ireland (died September 1778) was a religious leader in 18th-century America in the wake of the First Great Awakening. He was a disciple of George Whitefield.〔Nourse, p. 255.〕〔Nardi Reeder Campion, ''Mother Ann Lee Morning Star of the Shakers'' (Hanover: University Press of New England, 1990), 170.〕 He taught what is known as Perfectionism, meaning that he and certain of his followers had achieved perfection in their lifetime. Ireland was a pipe maker from Charlestown, Massachusetts, where he had a wife, Martha (or Elizabeth), and six children.〔Nourse, p. 255.〕〔Richard Francis, ''Ann the Word: The Story of Ann Lee, Female Messiah, Mother of the Shakers, The Woman Clothed with the Sun'' (New York: Penguin Books, 2000), 162, 164. Richard Francis wrote that Ireland's wife's name was "Elizabeth", while Henry Nourse, the earlier source, wrote that her name was "Martha".〕
==Perfectionist beliefs==
In the 1750s, Shadrack Ireland experienced a change in his "mind and body" that he believed resulted in his becoming "perfect and immortal".〔Isaac Backus, ''A History of New England with Particular Reference To The Denomination of Christians Called Baptists, Volume 2; Second edition with notes by David Weston'', 462. Backus says the move to Grafton was in "1753", while McLoughlin says "1752".〕 Ireland left his wife and family and moved to Grafton, Massachusetts, where he took a "spiritual wife"—Mrs. Sarah Prentice, the wife of the Reverend Solomon Prentice. Ireland preached abstinence except for those who had reached perfection. Since their bodies were free of sin, they could take spiritual wives and husbands (even if they were legally married to someone else).〔William G. McLoughlin, ''Soul Liberty: The Baptists' Struggle in New England, 1630-1833'', (Hanover and London: Brown University Press, 1991), 112; Francis, 162-3.〕 Being under the threat from authorities for his behavior, Ireland moved to the north part of the town of Harvard, Massachusetts. In 1769, he and eight followers built a house now known as "The Square House". The Shakers who later lived there believed that Ireland himself had carved the banister and railings that lead to the second floor.〔Francis, 165.〕 While living at Harvard, Ireland also had a spiritual wife, the "widow Logy".〔Isaiah Parker to Isaac Backus. "Dear Sr. I send you here inclosed a letter I received from Isaac Holden ...", letter, Harvard, 28 June 1784. Isaac Backus Collection, Andover Newton Theological School.〕
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